=CORPUS INSCRIPTIONUM GRAECARUM=, Edidit Augustus Boeckhius, Berolini. =COULANGE=, La Cité Antique. =DODWELL=, Edward, Classical and Topographical Tour through Greece, London, 1819. =FEYDEAU=, Histoire générale des usages funébres et des sepultures des peuples anciens, Paris, 1858. =FORBIGER=, Populäre Darstellung des öffentlichen und häuslichen Lebens der Griechen und Römer. I Band, Leipzig, 1876. =GARDNER=, Percy, Journal of Hellenic Studies, vol. v. =HERMANN=, Lehrbuch der Griechischen Privatalterthümer von K. F. Hermann. Dritte Auflage von Dr. Hugo Blümner, Freiburg, 1882. =MAHAFFY, J. P.=, Rambles and Studies in Greece, second edition 1878. =MERRIAM, A. C.=, American Journal of Arch. v. Icaria. =MILLIN, A. L.=, Peintures de vases antiques vulgairement appelés Etrusques tírées des differentes collections. =MITCHELL, LUCY M.=, History of Ancient Sculpture. =MILLINGEN, J. V.=, Painted Greek Vases, London, 1822. =PERROT et CHIPIEZ=, Histoire de L’art dans L’antiquité, Tome premier, L’Egypte. =POTTIER, EDMOND.= Étude sur les Lecythes Blancs Attiques á Représentations Funéraires. [Bibliothéque des écoles françaises d’Athénes et de Rome, Tome 30.] =ROBERTS, E. S.= Introduction to Greek Epigraphy, Cambridge, 1887. =SCHREIBER=, Bilderatlas and Commentary. =STACKELBERG=, Baron. Die Graeber der Hellenen, Berlin, 1837. =ST. JOHN=, History of the Manners and Customs of Ancient Greeks, Vol. III, London, 1842. =TEGG=, The Last Act. London, 1877. CONTENTS. CHAPTER I. DUTY OF BURIAL: Burial of an enemy--Duty toward parents. CHAPTER II. BURIALS EXTRAORDINARY: Burial of criminals--Of suicides--Of traitors--Of those struck by lightning--Special ceremonies for violent deaths--For persons drowned. CHAPTER III. PREPARATION FOR BURIAL: Former features--Reforms--The passage money--The bath--The unguents--The wreaths--The honey-cake--The garments. CHAPTER IV. THE LYING IN STATE (_Prothesis_): When this took place--Regulations of Ceos--The women who took part--The scarf, the fan, and the bird--The place--The position of the corpse--The _kline_--The _lecyths_--The _ardanion_--Two purposes of the prothesis. CHAPTER V. OUTWARD GRIEF: By whom rendered--Only a form--Excesses--Laws against excess--Their result. CHAPTER VI. THE PROCESSION, (_ekphora_): Third day the set time--Exceptions to set time--Hour of the day--The _kline_--Who carried the bier--The dirge singers--Who might attend the procession--Military funeral processions. CHAPTER VII. BURNING OR INHUMATION? The extreme views--The two methods contemporary--Cremation at every period--Burial also existed--Custom at Sparta and Sicyon--Comparison with modern methods--Details of cremation--Place of cremation. CHAPTER VIII. THE COFFINS: Early coffins--Those of stone--Of cypress--Shape and decorations. CHAPTER IX. THE TOMBS: The varieties--Heaps of earth--The stêlæ--Decorations--The _kion_--The _trapezae_--The herôum--Early entombments--Later cost and regulations against it--Inscriptions on the tombs--Epitaphs to children--Trinkets placed in the tomb--The public cemetery--Tombs of the richer class--Burials outside of the city--The motive--Laws at Sparta and other States. CHAPTER X. THE FUNERAL FEAST (_Perideipnon_): Its purpose--The host--The place--Praise of deceased’s virtues--Consecration of fragments. CHAPTER XI. SACRIFICES AT THE GRAVE: Performed by relatives--The two varieties--Increase in expense--The _trita_--The _ennata_--The sacrifices of the Argives--Of the Spartans--When mourning ceased--The basket--Other utensils--What was employed for sacrifices--Women performed sacrifices--Grief less noticeable than at prothesis--Customs at the tomb--General attention to the graves. CHAPTER XII. FURTHER CEREMONIES: The _genesia_--The _nekysia_--Funeral games--Duty of visiting the grave--General conduct of a mourner--Black garments and polling of the head--Custom at Sparta--Conclusion. THE BURIAL CUSTOMS AMONG THE ANCIENT GREEKS. I. DUTY OF BURIAL. The task of investigation in this field of Grecian antiquities is akin to that of a blind man, patching together the fragments of a shattered vase with no guidance but the rough outline of innumerable pieces. Every nook and corner of Greek literature must be explored, every exhumed inscription, monument, statue and vase must be carefully scanned, to find a hint here and there to illustrate and illuminate the subject. Using the word _monument_ in a broad sense, it is from monuments, rather than literature, that we get the most trustworthy information on Greek burial customs. Ancient literature reveals the thought of the superior minds. The common...